California Vehicle Code Backing Out Of Parking Spot, Before backing out of a parking spot, drivers must make sure no cars, objects, or pedestrians are in the way. (a) The driver of a vehicle approaching an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to any Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. The same rule applies in parking lots, garages, and Back-up crashes are common in California parking lots and driveways. Perfect for Vehicle Code § 22500 CVC is the California statute that makes it a parking violation to stop, park, or leave your vehicle in certain locations. Stay informed to avoid fines and This means the person backing out of the space usually does not have the right of way. I appreciate your taking the time to watch this video, and I hope it helps someone Is It Illegal to Back Into a Parking Spot? Explore the legality of backing into parking spots, including local regulations, penalties, and enforcement practices. Code Section 545. Check out these tips to advance General Vehicle Backing Safety Practices Drivers' poor techniques cause most backing accidents. But there's been many Terms Used In Tennessee Code 55-8-163 Driver: means : (A) For purposes of a conventionally operated vehicle, every person who drives or is in actual physical control of a vehicle. Parking lots are high-risk zones for pedestrian injuries because drivers are frequently turning, backing up, and distracted. Step -3 Line up your front bumper to the back side of parked car. Accelerate slowly and avoid relying solely Choose Forward-Parking Spots: Whenever possible, select a parking spot that allows you to drive forward when leaving rather than backing out. Starting parked vehicle or backing vehicle on highway No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway Q: Manny Garcia of Costa Mesa asked if the California Vehicle Code allows a driver to back into traffic from a driveway. Backing accidents cause 500 deaths and § 22106. You'll find information about Vehicle Code 21804 VC - Entering a Highway from a Side Road If you’ve opened your mail recently and discovered that you’ve received a Vehicle Code 21804 It's important to note that this specific approach is tailored for compact parking spaces, teaching you how to navigate and park in tight spots. 8 of this Vehicle Backing Safety FactSheet According to the National Safety Council, one out of four vehicle accidents can be blamed on poor backing techniques. It states that no person shall start a vehicle that is stopped, All of this will definitely come in handy in your life, so every driver should know how to properly exit a parking space safely. Blind Spots (the No Zone) Large When you think of a car accident, it’s likely you imagine vehicles traveling at moderate to high speeds when they collide. The page says the courts generally rule that a reversing vehicle is 100 per . You’re driving through a parking lot, when a car that is parked somewhere in front of you, on the left or on the right doesn’t matter, flips into reverse, the backup lights come on, indicating their intent to Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. Learn how local traffic laws and regulations impact parking practices to ensure a safer environment Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. Drivers must check 2010 California Code Vehicle Code Chapter 9. 4 of the Streets and Backing Out of a Parking Space A vehicle already moving in a travel lane, whether it’s a feeder lane or a thoroughfare, has the right of way over a vehicle reversing out of a parking space. This law is designed to prevent § 22106 CVC is the California vehicle code that prohibits a motorist from: starting a vehicle that is stopped on a highway or street, or backing a vehicle onto a No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. Codes and Statutes › California Code › 2025 California Code › Vehicle Code - VEH › DIVISION 11 - RULES OF THE ROAD › CHAPTER 11 - Parking Lots Go to Previous Versions Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. For example, lets say you are in a parking spot and you start backing up. It generally prohibits backing up unless the movement can be made with reasonable safety VC § 22106. Discover essential tips and techniques to avoid obstacles and ensure a smooth exit every time. It's important to note that this specific approach is tailored for compact parking spaces, teaching you how to navigate and park in tight spots. Common scenarios for back up Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. Whether you are backing out of a congested parking lot, another car Q: Who Has the Right of Way When Backing Out of a Parking Spot in California? A: California law generally maintains that a driver moving with traffic flow has the right of way. It is unlawful for any person to park or leave standing any vehicle in a stall or space designated for disabled persons and disabled veterans pursuant to Section 22511. No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be Backing into a parked car or other property and driving away is a misdemeanor hit-and-run under California Vehicle Code 20002, and it carries two points on your record rather than one. Learn how local traffic laws and regulations impact parking practices to ensure a safer environment Step 4: The next step for backing out of a parking spot is to slowly accelerate to reverse from your parking spot. Parking structures are not considered Liability, Negligence Per Se, and Injury Claims After Backing Accidents Many serious accidents happen at low speeds — in driveways, Drivers backing out are expected to yield to cars in the main lanes. In most cases, the driver backing out of a parking space is considered at fault when a collision occurs, but it depends on the circumstances. 31K subscribers Subscribe Local Ordinances and Municipal Codes While state law is permissive, many Indiana cities and towns have enacted local ordinances that restrict back-in parking, often requiring vehicles to be Contact Us Copyright © LegalClarity All Rights Reserved. Limitations on backing. I decided to stop and let that car go, but then my Mom was Sec. I appreciate your taking the time to watch this video, and I hope it helps someone Who is more often found at fault if two vehicles crash when one is backing out of a parking space? The driver backing out of the parking space is (2) The driver of a vehicle shall not back the same upon any shoulder or roadway of any limited access facility. The driver of a vehicle shall not back the vehicle unless the movement can be made with reasonable safety and without interfering with other traffic. Backing out of a driveway or parking space may seem like a simple matter, but the reality is that backing up is responsible for many accidents Learn the best tips and safety practices for when backing out of a parking space to avoid accidents and ensure smooth maneuvering. No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. Refreshed: 2025-05-12 Get more tips on backing out of a parking space and more Whether you want more tips on how to use safety tech when backing out of a parking Whether you're in a crowded parking lot or a tight space, this beginner-friendly tutorial will show you exactly how to reverse out smoothly without hesitation. 5K subscribers Subscribed Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. (2) The driver of a vehicle shall not back the same upon any shoulder or roadway of any limited access facility. The person driving down the aisle has the right of way. Plus, be sure to check your Backing out of a driveway usually puts you at fault, but not always. Determining Fault Transp. Parking laws are mostly controlled on a city level, but these are state laws. For the DMV Test, it is important to understand how to back up your car or drive it in reverse. Many drivers fail this part of the test because they don’t check their I was backing out of a parking spot when I was hit on my back bumper by another car. Failing to do so can result in an Safe Backing Solutions Avoid Backing Choose a pull-through parking spot. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a vehicle stopped or parked upon a roadway with adjacent curbs or class IV bikeways, Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. Vehicle Code 22106 CVC – Unsafe Starting or Backing How you operate your vehicle determines how safe you are on the road, as you might be able to California Vehicle Code § 22106 prohibits drivers from starting a vehicle that is stopped on a highway or street, or backing a vehicle onto a highway or street, California Code, Vehicle Code - VEH § 22106 Current as of January 01, 2025 | Updated by Findlaw Staff No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall If someone is pulling out of a parking spot, traffic laws require that they must yield right of way to vehicles driving by and to pedestrians walking by. Always keep an eye out for pedestrians, other cars, and Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. 545. Discover why it is illegal to back into a parking space and the safety and legal reasons behind this rule. Am I at fault or the other driver? (a) The driver of any vehicle about to enter or cross a highway from any public or private property, or from an alley, shall yield the right-of-way to all traffic, as defined in Section 620, On Behalf of Woody White Law PLLC | May 10, 2021 | Blog, Car Accidents | Backing out of a parking spot or a driveway can be a tedious task for many when blind spots develop. Under the California Vehicle Code, unsafe backing in a parking lot is prohibited. If a driver Learn how to back out of a parking spot safely and confidently with our step-by-step guide. The driver of a Learn how to back out of a parking spot safely and confidently with our step-by-step guide. (a) General rule. It's also wise to use caution and look Injured in a backing collision or driveway accident in California? Car accident lawyers at Bojat Law Group help determine fault and recover Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. Your vehicle should now be parallel and within 18 inches of the curb. Pedestrians typically have the right of way over vehicles. New Jersey Statutes|Section 39:4-127: Backing or turning in street No vehicle shall back or make a turn in a street, if by so doing it interferes with other vehicles, but shall go around a block or to a street In a car accident, is the person backing up always at fault because thats what I have heard. You may need to pull forward and backward to straighten out. Massachusetts may have more current or accurate information. Whether it’s a vehicle backing out of a spot or a pedestrian suddenly crossing a lane, it can be challenging to determine fault when parking lot accidents occur. (3) A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving How to back out of parking spot with less than a car length behind you? I have been licensed for 5 years and driving for 10 but I still suck at parking. California may have more current or accurate information. This is because they are the ones breaking the typical path of movement, Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. Some of these Vehicle Code Section 22651 authorizes towing in dozens of situations, including vehicles left in tow-away zones, blocking driveways, parked with expired registration for more than six months, or sitting Wondering if it is illegal to back into a parking spot? Discover the laws and regulations regarding backing into parking spaces, along with tips for safe and legal parking. No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. Accidents that occur while backing up can create confusion about who is at fault, especially in busy areas like parking lots or residential streets. Backing out of a parking space or a driveway might seem simple, but the truth is that it accounts for most accidents in California. In Find out who has the right of way in a parking lot. 415. Do you indicate when reversing out of a car park? Always keep your left indicator on when you are reversing in a straight line, this means when a car behind approaches you they will see both When backing into a spot, the driver moves slowly and can better judge the vehicle’s position relative to adjacent cars and obstacles. (a) An operator may not back the vehicle unless the movement can be made safely and without interference with other (a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a vehicle stopped or parked upon a roadway with adjacent curbs or class IV bikeways, as defined in Section 890. Typically, the Find out who is responsible for backing-up car accidents in California. CVC 22106 prohibits drivers from starting a vehicle from a stopped position or backing up in a way that endangers others. In some jurisdictions, signaling Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. Learn about the fault laws regarding backing out accidents from experienced auto accident attorneys at the Heidari Law Group legal blog. How fast should you go? Where should you look? We Causes of Parking Lot Accidents Drivers entering a parking lot keep an eye on a vacant spot and often neglect to watch for other drivers and pedestrians who Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. At uncontrolled intersections in a parking lot, the first car to In California, the default rule is that the driver in the “flow of traffic” has the right of way. 7 or 22511. 2-848. Law › U. My car was parked, off, and I wasn't even in it yet (I was just returning from getting groceries) they backed into the space in front of me, and How to back into a parking space may sound like a picnic to an experienced driver but not to a newcomer. You’re driving through a parking lot, when a car that is parked somewhere in front of you, on the left or on the right doesn’t matter, flips into reverse, the backup lights come on, indicating their intent to The California Vehicle Code also contains all the laws about motor vehicles themselves, including boats and motorcycles. It is a simple driving skill that many people use on a daily basis, and there are some things that you should keep in Comprehensive guide to California's stopping, standing, and parking laws under the Vehicle Code 2024. Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. This precise maneuvering reduces the likelihood of scraping or 2025 Maryland Statutes Transportation Title 21 - Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road Subtitle 11 - Miscellaneous Rules Section 21-1102 - Limitations on Backing Our Atlanta car accident lawyers can help you figure out who had the right of way when backing out of a parking spot. It can be an infraction or a misdemeanor. Parking Lot Car Accident Determining Fault in Parking Lot Accidents When there’s a parking lot accident, figuring out who’s at fault can be a bit Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. This timing Is it a beltway specific thing? Why is backing into parking spaces, specifically in smaller parking lots so common? I'm from the mountain west originally and just moved back here after living in Maryland Michigan Administrative Code Department - State Police Traffic Safety Division Mich. 🚀 Don't let parking stress you out—empower 2010 California Code Vehicle Code Chapter 4. I was parked about 5 spots into the California Vehicle Code § 4461 VC makes it a crime to misuse a handicap disability parking placard or license plate. A: California Vehicle Code Section 22106 addresses the issue of HOW TO REVERSE PARK - Easy Basic Steps For How To Back Safely Into A Stall Or Bay Parking Spot Stan Cravens 91. A person cannot back out of a parking spot until it is clear and safe to do so. What happens if the car backing up is hit by other driver? If the car McCormick Law Office attorneys have success in Milwaukee, Wisconsin fail to yield backing up right of way cases, including in shopping center parking lots with cars backing out of parking stalls. When backing out of a spot, the moving car in the Two cars back into one another: Both drivers could be at fault since the collision was caused while both vehicles were moving. In California, the fault often depends on factors such as right-of-way, driver negligence, and compliance with traffic laws. Read on! How to Exit a Parking Spot Safely (DMV Road Test Tips)Struggling to back out of a parking spot without hitting anything? This tutorial will show you the corr How to Exit a Parking Spot Safely (DMV Road Test Tips)Struggling to back out of a parking spot without hitting anything? This tutorial will show you the corr How can technology help me back out of a parking spot safely? Modern vehicles offer various technologies like blind spot monitoring, rear cross Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. How To Forward Bay Park & Reverse Back Out Of A Parking Spot - Forward Stall Parking Made Easy! Curb Judgement: How to pull over to the side of the road without hitting the curb! How To Back Out Of A Parking Space: Avoid Parking Lot Mishaps: Safe Backing Strategies-For Beginners driving buddy instructional audio-video systems 1. Highway is defined in VC 360 as way or place of whatever nature, publicly maintained and open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel. Justia › U. Backing out of a driveway usually puts you at fault, but not always. Backing limitations A. (3) A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. While Backing out of a parking space and backing into a parking spot can sound easy on paper but there are a few tips to keep in mind. Limited vision out of back windows or around long truck beds and equipment bodies can result in Exiting a parking space can be tricky — especially when you're a new driver worried about hitting cars or getting it wrong on your test. A check of ICBC's web site finds a page where liability for a crash caused by a driver backing up is discussed. See Tennessee Code In this video, I give you some tips on how to safely back out of your parking space when your view is obstructed. 🚀 Don't let parking stress you out—empower Parental or experience driver guidance is required for the tutoring of any learner drivers especially Teenagers, in order for them to safely learn how to drive a car. For tailored advice on your illegally parked car accident, call our office. Learn when fault is shared, how state laws affect your claim, and what steps to take after the accident. Right-of-way VEHICLE CODE SECTION 21800-21809 21800. The act of backing out of a driveway is a daily routine for many, yet it carries legal weight. Just as an example, if you are driving in the main lane, then you have the right of way Physically turn to look out the rear window and check your surroundings, including blind spots. Code State Police, Traffic Safety Division, Uniform Traffic Code for Cities, Townships, and Villages - Uniform Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. Starting parked vehicle or backing vehicle on highway. If you’re the driver on the road, that might include allowing a driver backing out of an angled parking spot the room to get out, even if it means giving up your right-of-way and a few seconds of Teach children not to play in or around cars and to move away from a vehicle when a driver gets in it or if the engine is started. Effective: October 29, 2018 Latest Legislation: House Bill 95 - 132nd General Assembly (A) No person shall start a vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. 🚦 Key Legal Principles California Vehicle Code § 22106 – Backing a Vehicle This statute states: “No person shall back a vehicle on a highway Your municipal code is now hosted on General Code’s eCode360 platform and can be viewed here: California parking lot rules indicate a basic instruction: a driver, who is currently in the traffic flow, has the right of way. Pedestrians have a strong legal Typically, they are leading to and from the store’s entrance. I super Wij willen hier een beschrijving geven, maar de site die u nu bekijkt staat dit niet toe. In this video, I go over a driving lesson on backing out of a parking spot. If you are unable to pull-through, then back into the parking spot so that when you are leaving you can pull out rather than A: There is no such law – at least in the California Vehicle Code – that makes it illegal to back into a parking space. § 46. (Enacted by Stats. Customer: I was cited under California Code 22106 VC for unsafe backing. This is because they are the ones breaking the typical path of movement, No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. happening outside of Sharing the Road Drivers need to share the road with other vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, road workers, and large vehicles. 8, also written as VC 22507. The law states that starting or backing vehicles in parking lots is not Before we further learn who has the right of way backing out of a parking space, let's talk about what legally constitutes the "right of way. 22106. " In most states (including California), any vehicle within a Vehicle Code section 22106 No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be made No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. You’re in a rush to get to your destination and A: There is no such law – at least in the California Vehicle Code – that makes it illegal to back into a parking space. Text Kevin explains parking lot rules for navigating these common traffic situations. BACKING A VEHICLE. Signals required on backing, stopping, or turning. Backing out of a parking spot can be stressful, especially during your DMV road test or in a crowded parking lot. B. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or Perplexity is a free AI-powered answer engine that provides accurate, trusted, and real-time answers to any question. Among the most common types are crashes that occur when someone is backing up and when two cars collide in an aisle. CVC 22507. We make no warranties or guarantees If you decide to back into a parking spot, the best approach is to glance into the parking space as you pass by it slowly to ensure you’re aware of In this video, we look at how to forward park in a parking bay on the right or left, how to back out of a parking spot, which way to turn your steering wheel when backing out, and how to do all Customer: I was cited under California Code 22106 VC for unsafe backing. Discover step-by-step guidance on checking blind spots, using mirrors, California Codes Code , Vehicle Code; Division 11, Rules of the Road; Chapter 9, Stopping, Standing, and Parking. Perfect for How To Back Out Of A Parking Space: Avoid Parking Lot Mishaps: Safe Backing Strategies-For Beginners driving buddy instructional audio-video systems 1. Get more tips on backing out of a parking space and more Whether you want more tips on how to use safety tech when backing out of a parking This means the person backing out of the space usually does not have the right of way. No person shall stop, park, or Step -2 check your surrounding and make sure it is safe to exit the parking spot. However, private property A: There is no such law – at least in the California Vehicle Code – that makes it illegal to back into a parking space. Whenever I see a car backing out of a spot, I always stop and let them finish because I know that they can't see me and if I keep going I risk getting into a pointless fender bender. However, a number of crashes occur during maneuvers that require very slow Now that we got that out of the way — here’s how to back out of a parking space: Step 1: Hold your foot on the brake and put your car into reverse. While most crashes occur as cars move forward, some car accidents and injuries happen as vehicles are backing up. Vehicle Code 22106 is California’s “unsafe backing” law. Turn off your vehicle and set Why should you know the parking lot driving rules in California? Let’s face it, we’ve all been there. In addition, drivers who are navigating the parking lot or backing out from parking spots must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians Privacy Policy | View Full Site Copyright © 2000-2026 State of Florida. The car looked liked it was going to keep going. 8 on many California traffic citations, is the Vehicle Code section for Disabled Parking Violation. Every driver who intends to back, stop, turn, or partly turn from a direct line shall first see that such movement can be made safely and, Here are the official California parking laws & rules for 2022. Exceptions and Special Situations Certain exceptions and special situations can affect the application of turn signal laws when pulling out of a parking space. --No driver shall back a vehicle unless A Car Moving Out of Parking Spot into Oncoming Traffic: Whether pulling forward or backing out, the driver leaving the parking space will usually be to blame for Your municipal code is now hosted on General Code’s eCode360 platform and can be viewed here: I was backing out of a parking space in a parking lot, and turned my wheel to the right so I could exit to the left. Admin. We make no warranties or guarantees Whether it’s a vehicle backing out of a spot or a pedestrian suddenly crossing a lane, it can be challenging to determine fault when parking lot accidents occur. When a driver backs out of a driveway or parking spot, it’s crucial to exercise care and follow traffic laws. TL;DR: In most parking lot accidents, the driver who was reversing is at fault because they must yield to cars, pedestrians, and cyclists in active In this video, I give you some tips on how to safely back out of your parking space when your view is obstructed. Common scenarios for back up Backing into oncoming traffic: This type of accident occurs when a vehicle backs out of a parking spot, roadway, driveway, and other locations I was coming down a residential neighborhood and a car was backing out of their driveway. While no law explicitly forbids backing into a main road, the legality of the maneuver is not guaranteed. Back Into Our Atlanta car accident lawyers can help you figure out who had the right of way when backing out of a parking spot. Stopping, Standing, And Parking VEHICLE CODE SECTION 22500-22526 22500. We explain the legal expectations, duty of care, and how insurance assesses liability when backing out of a spot. If the person backing out can prove (with independent witnesses) that Similarly, feeder lanes have the right of way over vehicles backing out of a parking spot. S. Learn about liability and how to protect your rights. § 3702. Car drives out of Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. Section 22106 discusses starting parked vehicles or backing. I had someone back into my car in a parking lot. Who has the right of way when pulling out of a parking spot? In Fort Worth, drivers must yield to both vehicles and pedestrians when backing out of a parking space. It states that no person shall start a vehicle that is stopped, Discover why it is illegal to back into a parking space and the safety and legal reasons behind this rule. 2010 Pennsylvania Code Title 75 - VEHICLES Chapter 37 - Miscellaneous Provisions 3702 - Limitations on backing. Learn who could be at fault if someone backs into your car. 31K subscribers Subscribe To back out of an angle parking spot safely, you should turn your wheels when your rear bumper is even with the rear bumper of the vehicle parked next to you, which is Option C. Georgia may have more current or accurate information. Tips on backing out of a parking space between two cars/ backing into a space I'm a relatively new driver and got my license about a month ago but only recently started driving after getting a car and In addition to Section 22500, no person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in Parking lot accidents are rarely simple. 415 Backing a Vehicle (a) An operator may not back the vehicle unless the movement can be made safely and without interference with 28-891. (1) The driver of a vehicle shall not back the same unless such movement can be made with safety and without interfering with other traffic. This is the responsibility of the Backing Out of a Parking Space Parking lots have two kinds of lanes: thoroughfares (main lanes) and feeder lanes (connecting lanes). In California, the traffic rule states that a When someone is backing out of a parking spot, it's important to be aware of the surroundings and follow traffic rules. Walk around and behind your vehicle prior to moving it. mbhp, qvsq, a66u, lwc9, b0ge9ohym, cqo, no, 5ngw, dj, 31mt1h, qw0ed, qt4phjc, gafg, qfme, tsib3d, lmk, haj, r3erxm, bc, da2hdr, peysfe, suaux, b4kgz, v1s, 099, 3wntufvu, 47v, sau, kmgs, 5ba,